EUPHEMISM

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Hallo Readers……. came back again with Juliana blog’s. Now I’m going to share with all of you about “EUPHEMISM”. Hope can useful for all my Readers.


 

 EUPHEMISM

Sebuah euphemism adalah ekspresi sopan yang digunakan pada kata atau frasa yang mungkin dianggap kasar atau tidak menyenangkan untuk didengar. Euphemism digunakan secara teratur, dan terdapat banyak contoh penggunaan euphemism dalam bahasa sehari-hari.
" Dalam karyanya Oxford Dictionary of euphemism (2007), bahwa dalam pidato atau tulisan “kita menggunakan euphemism untuk berurusan dengan hal yang tabu atau subyek yang sensitif. Yaitu bahasa penggelapan, kemunafikan, kekenesan, dan kebohongan.”
Contoh Penggunaan Figure of Speech Euphemism dan Pengertiannya

Jenis Euphemism
1    1.      Untuk Melembutkan Ekspresi
Beberapa euphemism digunakan untuk membuat kebenaran yang kurang menyenangkan tampak lebih lembut.
Contoh euphemism yang termasuk dalam kategori ini antara lain:
WORDS
EUPHEMISM
MEANING
Died
Passed away
Kematian
Jail
Correctional facility
Penjara
Handicapped or Disabled
Differently-abled
Cacat
Stolen
Fell off the back of a truck
Dicuri
Prison camp
Relocation center
Penjara
Euthanize
Put to sleep
Perkosa
Abortion
Pregnancy termination
Aborsi
Homeless
On the streets
Gelandangan











2.Euphemisms yang Digunakan untuk Menjadi Sopan
Euphemism lain digunakan untuk menggantikan kata-kata atau frasa yang Anda mungkin tidak ingin mengatakan dalam bentuk sopan.
Contoh euphemism yang termasuk dalam kategori ini antara lain:

WORDS
EUPHEMISM
MEANING
Pornography
Adult entertainment
Pornografi
Beer
Adult beverages
Minuman keras
Overweight
Big-boned
Kegemukan
Pass gas
Break wind
Kentut
Sex
The birds and the bees
Hubungan intim
Garbage man
Sanitation engineer
Tukang sampah


3. Euphemisms yang Digunakan untuk Menjadi tidak Sopan
Dalam beberapa kasus, euphemism sengaja dibuat lebih menjijikkkan atau kurang menyenangkan untuk mengatakan sesuatu. Ini biasanya digunakan ketika orang sedang menyindir atau mencoba untuk menerangkan suatu subjek.
WORDS
EUPHEMISM
MEANING
Homosexual
Batting for the other side
Gay
Died
Bit the dust
Kematian
Having a large penis
Well-hung
Alat kelamin yang besar
Sex
Making whoopee
Hubungan intim

Euphemism" comes from the Greek for "fair speech." A good definition borrowed from a literary handbook is "the substitution of a mild and pleasant expression for a harsh and blunt one." Euphemisms have traditionally been common in subject areas that people do not like talking about directly. The most common of these involve death, sex, and bodily functions. The most common of these involve death, sex, and bodily functions. Some examples: 

Direct and blunt
Euphemism
die
pass away, pass on, go to be with the Lord, called home, gone to heaven, departed
copulate 
engage in sexual intercourse, make love, have marital relations, pitching woo
urinate
pass water, number one, go to the toilet, go to the bathroom, wee wee, relieve yourself

The more uncomfortable we are with a subject, the more euphemisms we construct to get around talking about it in direct terms. Notice:
  • lingerie, underwear, undergarment, undies, foundations, unmentionables, briefs
  • restroom, powder room, men's room, ladies' room, water closet, toilet, necessarium
  • dog doo, road apple, doggie dump, poo, horse biscuit, cow manure, fertilizer
The Bible uses euphemisms on occasion to soften the subject matter under discussion: In Genesis the word "thigh" is used as a euphemistic substitute for "testicles" (24:2, 24:9, 47:29), while "knew" (KJV) euphemizes sex (e.g. 4:1: "Adam knew his wife.")

Often a euphemism is used to make something bad sound better, and in this case, the disguise is usually deceptive or wrong.
 
Direct and blunt
Euphemism
murder
terminate, neutralize, put a hit on
lie
misstatement; misspeaking; plausible denial
steal
appropriate from
civilian deaths
collateral damage 
abortion
interruption of pregnancy
pro-abortion
pro-choice
whore house
cat house, house of the rising sun, massage parlor, sporting house, Turkish bath, body shop

A real problem with these kinds of euphemism is that they can be dangerous by clouding thought and allowing the users to fool themselves. For example, you certainly wouldn't want to obstruct justice, but you might be talked into "containing the perimeter of the damaging information." You would probably object to stealing documents in a burglary, but you might be talked into retrieving vital information during a covert operation. And you certainly wouldn't want to kill your unborn child, but you might agree to the removal of the unwanted fetal tissue.
Some euphemisms are designed to protect the guilty, as when a prostitute solicits a customer. She asks, "Do you want to party?" or "Are you looking for a good time?"
Other times a euphemism is designed to prevent strong negative stereotypes from prejudicing a hearer: 


Old and blunt term
New term
poor
economically disadvantaged
crippled
handicapped; physically challenged, differently abled
retarded
developmentally disabled
medical malpractice
therapeutic misadventure
Some euphemisms are used to prevent unwanted connotations:
 
Unwanted connotation
Euphemism
man's purse
tote bag, travel bag, duffel bag, camera case
suspect arrested
a man is helping police with their inquiries
bastard
illegitimate child, love child, child born out of wedlock, child

A particularly important use of perhaps desirable euphemism involves the economic change occurring in many countries. Faced with the failure of socialism, many Marxist countries are now adopting capitalist economic incentives and structures while desiring to remain socialist in name and theory. This creates a problem because no self-respecting socialist would ever call himself a capitalist. In China, capitalist movement is called "market-oriented reform." The Chinese slogan, "To get rich is glorious" is directed to socialists who are now able to possess the rewards of individual initiative.
Euphemisms, then, can be used nefariously and with evil intent, but they can also be applied usefully to break stereotypes, change fixed perceptions, and provide alternative views of things.
A real problem with euphemisms arises from the fact that since euphemisms are often created by appropriating a legitimate term, use of the term in its legitimate sense becomes very difficult, if not impossible. Further, euphemisms are sometimes understood as "secret symbols" for something bad when in fact they might not be. This problem arises from the fact that many euphemisms are inherently vague or ambiguous

Euphemism
Meaning?
underachiever
slow learner? smart but lazy? emotionally troubled?
massage parlor
brothel? massage parlor?
damage control
obstructing justice? controlling damage?
alternative lifestyle
lives differently? deviant behavior?
unauthorized withdrawal
bank robbery? embezzlement? theft?

Even seemingly clear and precise euphemisms can be problematic because they channel our thinking along certain often incorrect lines. The term "homeless" for "people living on the street" is a good example. The implication of this euphemism is that what street people, formerly bums, need is a home, a place to live. This fact masks the fact that the homeless are really a varied and mixed population of mentally ill, alcoholics, drug addicts, beggars, and some people actually down on their luck and in need of a job and a home. Many street people refuse to go to shelters or homes, so simply thinking of them as homeless is deceptive. The old term for these people, bums, is similarly deceptive because it lumps them all together into the category of lazy, shiftless people, almost deserving society's neglect.
When you come across a euphemism, then, ask whether it is appropriately or inappropriately used, whether it hides some fact that should not be hidden or helpfully changes perception toward a stereotype, or simply provides an alternative view. No single attitude toward such usages can be adopted because cases and usages differ.
Other euphemisms for examining:
 
safety-related occurrence
accident
incomplete success
failure
fiscal underachievers
poor people
non-goal oriented member of society
street person, bum
downsizing personnel
firing employees
media courier
paper boy
organoleptic analysis
to smell something
career associate scanning professional
grocery check-out clerk



SOURCE:
http://www.sekolahbahasainggris.com/contoh-penggunaan-figure-of-speech-euphemism-dan-pengertiannya/

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