Branches of Discourse Analysis
Branches of Discourse Analysis
1. Critical
Discourse Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is the important thing, because
Important Aspects of Text comprehension is the identification of topics from
the discourse.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an
analysis From Critical Perspectives WITH the referring Knowledge, thus able to speak a review
Discourse analysis 'attitude'. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) focuses on social
issues, and especially, on role hearts Discourse Production and Reproductive
abuse or Domination Power.
Critical discourse analysis is a
contemporary approach to the study of language and discourses in social
institutions. Drawing on poststructuralist discourse theory and critical
linguistics, it focuses on how social relations, identity, knowledge and power
are constructed through written and spoken texts in communities, schools and
classrooms. This describes the historical contexts and theoretical
precedents for sociological models for the study of language, discourse and
text in education. It then outlines key terms, assumptions and practices of critical
discourse analysis. It concludes by describing unresolved issues and challenges
for discourse analysis and sociology of education.
The Expert and The Art of CDA
“Beyond description or superficial application, critical
science in each domain asks further questions, such as those of responsibility,
interests, and ideology. Instead of focusing on purely academic or theoritical
problem, it starts from prevailing social problems, and thereby chooses the
perspective of those who suffer most, and critically analyses those in power,
those who are responsible, and those who have the means and the opportunity to
solve such problems.” (van Dijk, 1986: 4)
“To Draw consequences for political action from critical
theory is the aspiration of those who have serious intentions, and yet there is
no general prescription unless is the necessity for insight into one’s own
responsibility.” ( Horkheimer quoted in O’Neill, 1979)
“A fully ‘critical’ account of dicsourse would thus
require a theorization and description of both the social processes and
structures which give rise to the production of a text, and of social structures
and processes within which individuals or groups as social historical subjects,
create meanings in their interaction
with texts.” (Fairclough and Kress,
1993)
2. Stylistic Analysis
Stylistics and
Stylisticians
"[A]t many levels, interdisciplinarity study is what
stylistics is designed to do. As stylistician Paul Simpson writes, 'stylistics
is a method of textual interpretation in which primacy of place is assigned to
language' (2004, p. 2). Stylistics thus still carries the methodological genes
that it has inherited from its forbear, rhetoric. Its very purpose is its
application to textual data, and its strength lies in its potential for such
application. . . .
"A stylistician can arguably be viewed as a kind of
empirical or forensic discourse critic: a person who with his/her detailed
knowledge of the workings of morphology, phonology, lexis, syntax, semantics,
and various discourse and pragmatic models, goes in search of language-based
evidence in order to support or indeed challenge the subjective interpretations
and evaluations of various critics and cultural commentators. Imagine a kind of
Sherlock Holmes character who is an expert grammarian and rhetorician and has a
love of literature and other creative texts."(Michael Burke, The Routledge
Handbook of Stylistics. Routledge, 2014)
"Stylistics, traditionally known as the study of
literary texts using formal linguistic tools, can also be done via
sophisticated computer-based applications. Some stylisticians quantitatively
analyse large amounts of data and texts, not possible otherwise, and thus can
provide answers to questions such as what is Dickens' writing style in his
novels or how can one state, solely on the basis of textual evidence, that
Milton or Shakespeare's works are historically arranged?"(Saumya Sharma,
“Language Wise.” The Times of India, July 8, 2013)
Aims of Stylistic Analysis
"Stylistic analysis, unlike more traditional forms of
practical criticism, is not interested primarily in coming up with new and
startling interpretations of the texts it examines. Rather, its main aim is to
explicate how our understanding of a text is achieved, by examining in detail
the linguistic organization of the text and how a reader needs to interact with
that linguistic organization to make sense of it. Often, such a detailed
examination of a text does reveal new aspects of interpretation or help us to
see more clearly how a text achieves what it does. But the main purpose of
stylistics is to show how interpretation is achieved, and hence provide support
for a particular view of the work under discussion. . . . [T]he 'news' comes
from knowing explicitly something that you had only understood intuitively, and
from understanding in detail how the author has constructed the text so that it
works on us in the way that it does."(Mick Short, "Understanding
Conversational Undercurrents in The Ebony Tower by John Fowles."
Twentieth-Century Fiction: From Text to Context, edited by Peter Verdonk and
Jean Jacques Weber. Routledge, 1995)
Reference:
https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/ed270/Luke/SAHA6.html
http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Stylistics-term.html
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