ADVERBIAL
PHRASE
Submitted as One of Assignments of MorphoSyntax
Course
Taught by Mustakim , M.Pd
BY
Group 2 :
1.
Juliana Esti
2.
Siti Restian Ningsih
3.
Juli Iskandar
4.
Manna Erika Sitompul
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING
PEKANBARU
APRIL 2016
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
One
of the branches in Linguistics is “Syntax”. Syntax is the science that study
about how to arrange or construct the words (phrase) of Language to be well
sentences which are accepted by the Native speaker. Syntax, moreover also
encompasses systems and rules of Language, and those must be constructed
according to frozen Language of English as conventional. Syntax, in this case,
can be divided into two terms, that is: surface and deep structures. In Syntax,
in addition to, to prove the sentence is well or not, must be performed and
analyzed do not only throughout surfaces one, but also in deep structures
(Seno, 2001).
Syntactic class is one having a distinctive functional potential; the words
derived by a particular lexical process, however, will not be referred to by
any rule of syntax (Huddleston, 1984:26). There are grouped into:
(1)
Words
Richards, et al (1985:1213) said that one or more sounds which can be spoken to
represent an idea, object, action, etc. the smallest unit spoken language which
has meaning and stand alone.
Spencer (1991:43), a word is the smallest that can exist its own.
So, based on theories above, word is a unit of
language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written
representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning. One word can
be consisted of one morpheme or more. A word that only has one morpheme is
called by simple word. In other hand, a word that has more than one morpheme is
called by complex word.
Examples:
Simple word:
buy (one morpheme)
Complex word: unpredictable
(three morphemes: un + predict + able).
Word also can be used to mention a word that can be
seen by our eyes and not.
Examples: door,
adore
(2)
Phrases
A phrase is a group of word which forms a
grammatical unit, a phrase does not contains a finite verb and does not have a
subject-predicate structure (Richard, 1985:39).
A phrase is a group of words that is missing a
subject, a verb, or both (Reid, 2000:290)
Quirk, et al. (1985:60) said that the five formal
categories of phrase are verb phrase, noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverb
phrase, and preposition phrase.
a.
Verb phrase
Verb phrase
minimally consists of a single verb followed by a noun phrase, adverb phrase,
and prepositional phrase (Carnie, 2007:72).
Example: left quickly
V Adv
b.
Adjective Phrase
Carnie (2007:68)
said that adjective phrase consists of an adjective as head, optionally
proceeded and followed by modifying elements.
Example: very yellow
Adj ajv
c.
Adverb Phrase
Carnie (2007:68)
said that adverb phrase of an adverb as head, optionally proceeded and followed
by modifying elements.
Example: very quickly
adv adv
CHAPTER II
CONTENT
2.1 Definition of
Adverbial Phrase
Adverbial
Phrase consists of one or more words. The adverb is head of the phrase and can
appear alone or it can be modified by other words. The Adverb are one of the
four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Adverbial
phrases is group of word can consist of adverb with qualifier
(too,very,so,enough,etc)
In
the example the adverbs phrase are in bold. The other words that modify the
adverb are underline: We usually go
on holiday in August, Time goes very
quickly, The day passed quickly
enough. This works really
well for its size. In general, these patterns are similar to
adjectives phrases.
An
adverb phrases can consists of one adverb plus other words before it
(premodification) or after it (postmodification). Adverb phrases have many
different meanings. There are kinds of adverb: adverb of time, manner, place,
frequency, and purpose.
1.Adverb with Qualifier is adverb phrase that
combine between adverb and qualifier and can fill the function adverb of
manner.
Example
|
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Phrase
|
Adverb of Manner
|
Qualifier
|
slowly
|
extremely
|
He
drives extremely slowly.
(Dia mengemudi dengan sangat lambat.)
|
quickly
|
enough
|
Every
waitress should clean tables quickly enough.
(Setiap pelayan harus membersihkan meja-meja dengan cukup cepat.)
|
2. Prepositional Phrase
Adverb
|
Adverbial
Phrase
|
Contoh
Kalimat Adverbial Phrase
|
time
|
since yesterday, during the storm, before noon
|
They couldn’t do anything during the storm.
(Mereka tidak dapat melakukan apapun selama badai.)
|
manner
|
with his debit card, by bus
|
The customer always pays the bill with his
debit card.
(Pelanggan tersebut selalu membayar tagihan dengan kartu debitnya.)
|
place
|
at home, in the classroom, to Bandung
|
I’m on a flight to Bandung.
(Saya sedang dalam penerbangan ke Bandung.)
|
frequency
|
every year
|
Old people may need to see a doctor every
year.
(Orang-orang tua mungkin perlu mengunjungi dokter setiap tahun.)
|
purpose
|
for you
|
He bought this tiramisu cake for you.
(Dia membeli kue tiramisu ini untukmu.)
|
3. Infinitive Phrase
Adverb
Phrase
|
Contoh
Kalimat Adverbial Phrase
|
to
gain his muscle mass
|
He does physical exercises regularly to
gain his muscle mass.
(Dia melakukan latihan-latihan fisik secara teratur untuk meningkatkan massa
ototnya.)
|
to
get the access
|
To get the accesss, you
must register first.
(Untuk mendapat akses, kamu harus mendaftar dulu.)
|
2.2 Adverb Phrase
(functions)
A. Adverb Phrase +
Verbs
We use adverb phrase most commonly to modify verbs. In
the example the adverb phrase are in bold. The verbs that they modify are
underlined.
Example: Children grow
up really quickly
I exercise
very regularly and I eat quite healthily
B. Adverb Phrase + be
We use adverb phrase with be. This is especially typical
of adverb of place.
Example: I am upstairs. I will only be a minute.
They are right there, on the table.
C. Adverb Phrase +
Adjective or Adverb
We use adverb phrase (Adv) to modify adjective and other
adverb.
Example: I found it extremely difficult to talk to
her
(Adv) (Adj)
He drives really carefully
(Adv) (Adv)
D. Adverb Phrase +
Other Phrase
We use adverb phrase (Adv) to modify noun phrase (Np) and
prepositional phrase.
Example: That’s quite a tree. ( it’s a tree
that is in special in some way, e.g. it’s very big)
We climbed right over the top
of the hill and down again.
