Metaphor
What’s in a metaphor?
According to
Janet Martin Soscike’s working definition (1985) “metaphor is that figure
of speech whereby we speak about one thing in terms which are seen to be
suggestive of another.”
In common descriptions,
a metaphor is seen as having two components: vehicle and tenor. In the above
example from Quran, زَبَدًا رَّابِيًا is the vehicle being the main
figure of speech utilized. The tenor, as clarified in the ayah itself, and
confirmed by common tafaseer such Ma’ariful Quran, is Falsehood (actually,
false beliefs).
In linguistics,
the terms vehicle and tenor are replaced by ‘source’ and ‘target’,
respectively.
The commonality between the target (or tenor) and source (or vehicle) may
be referred to as a ‘ground’.
Metaphor also have definition that
is a form of figurative language in which one thing or idea is expressed in
terms of another, is becoming an increasingly popular area of study, as it is
relevant to the work of semanticists, pragmatists, discourse analysts and also
those working at the interface of language and literature and in other
disciplines such as philosophy and psychology. This book provides a summary,
critique and comparison of the most important theories on how metaphors are
used and understood, drawing on research from linguistics, psychology and other
disciplines. In order to ground the discussion in actual language use, the book
uses examples from discourse, including casual conversations, political speeches,
literature, humor, religion and science. Written in a non-technical style, the
book includes clear definitions, examples, discussion questions and a glossary,
making it ideal for graduate-level seminars.
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